半径均为r的金属球如图8-1-2所示放置,使两球的边缘相距为r.今使两

半径均为r的金属球如图8-1-2所示放置,使两球的边缘相距为r.今使两球带上等量的异种电荷Q,设两电荷Q间的库仑力大小为F,比较F与k的大小关系.

图8-1-2

答案

解析:如果电荷能全部集中在球心处,则二者相等.依题设条件,两球心间距离3r不是远远大于r,故不能把两带电球当作点电荷处理.实际上,由于异种电荷的相互吸引,使电荷分布在两球较靠近的球面处,这样两部分电荷的距离小于3r,故F>.同理,若两球带同种电荷Q,则F<.

答案:F>

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