A、B、C、D、E为原子序数依次增大的短周期元素,其中只有一种是金

A、B、C、D、E为原子序数依次增大的短周期元素,其中只有一种是金属元素。A、D元素原子最外层电子数相同,且A和D可形成离子化合物,C2 - 和D+ 具有相同的电子数,E元素的最高正化合价与最低负化合价之和为2。由这些元素组成的物质,其组成和结构信息如下表:

请用化学用语回答下列问题:

(1) D+ 的结构示意图为                 

(2) C、D、E的氢化物按熔点由高到低排列的顺序为                          

(3) 乙属于         分子(填“极性”或“非极性”),丁的电子式为                          

(4) 将少量甲投入到AlCl3溶液中反应的离子方程式为                          

(5) 丙属于         晶体,丙中每个原子均形成4个共价键,其中有一个配位键,提供空轨道的是        

氮化硼晶体的熔点要比丙晶体高,其原因是                                            

答案

【知识点】元素推断  C1 E3

【答案解析】

  解析:A是H、B是硼、C是氧、D是钠、E是磷

(1)       钠离子的结构示意图

(2)       NaH是离子晶体熔点高,水是分子晶体但含有氢键故熔点较高,PH3熔点最低

(3)       过氧化氢正负电荷中心不重合,故是极性分子;

(4)       丙熔点高硬度大具有原子晶体的特点,配位键的形成需要一方提供孤电子对另一方提供空轨道

(5)       原子晶体影响熔点高低的主要因素是共价键强弱,主要体现在半径上,半径越大,键能越小,熔点越低

【思路点拨】本题考查了元素化合物的推断,因为与晶体知识联系在一起,难度较大。

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