化学电池在通信、交通和日常生活中有着广泛的应用,但是,废弃电

化学电池在通信、交通和日常生活中有着广泛的应用,但是,废弃电池所带来的环境污染问题也日益突出。已知镍镉(Ni-Cd)电池中发生的化学反应为:

 

 
Cd + 2NiO(OH) + 2H2O          2Ni(OH)2 + Cd(OH)2

其中2Ni(OH)2 Cd(OH)2均难溶于水,但能溶于酸。请回答:

1)镍镉电池充电时,其能量的转化是由_________能转化为________能;

2)一节废镍镉电池会使1m2的耕地失去使用价值,要酸性土壤中,这种污染尤为严重。这是因为_________________________________

3)废弃的镍镉电池所产生的Cd2+污染,可导致人体患骨痛病及肝、肾、肺的病变,其中,Cd2+进入人体的途径如下图所示:ABC代表Cd2+污染传递的载体,如果A代表土壤;

B代表_____________C代表____________

4)你认为减少甚至消除废弃电池污染,应采取的措施是:__________________________________ ____________________________________________

答案

(1)   化学

(2)电池中Ni(OH) 2  Ca(OH) 2与酸反应生成可溶性有重金属有毒镍,镉离子,所以污染土地.

(3)水体   植物或生物体

(4)回收集中处理

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