如图所示,额定功率为10瓦的电阻R1 与“12Ω 0.5A”的电阻R2串联,电

如图所示,额定功率为10瓦的电阻R1 与“12Ω 0.5A”的电阻R2串联,电源电压为10伏且保持不变。闭合电键S,电流表、电压表示数分别为0.20安和2.4伏,不计电阻随温度的变化,求:

(1) 电阻R1的阻值;(2)整个电路消耗的实际功率。

某同学的求解如下:  

(1)根据欧姆定律,电阻R1= = = 12Ω

(2)∵两个电阻串联,P=P1+P2=(0.5A)2×12Ω+10W=13W

请你指出此同学求解过程中存在的错误,并写出正确的解答。

答案

(1)电阻R1计算错误。                 

正确解答是:

根据欧姆定律,电阻R1=U1/I1=(UU2)/ I1

                                          =(10V-2.4V)/0.2A=38Ω      

(2)电阻R1R2的功率计算都有误。          

正确解答是:

两个电阻串联,所以整个电路消耗的电功率PP1+P2

PP1+P2I1R1 +I1R2=(R1R2I1

                                          =(12Ω+38Ω)× (0.2A)2

                                           =2W                          

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