下列各组物质用稀硫酸不能完全区分开的是( ) A.镁粉、氧化铜

下列各组物质用稀硫酸不能完全区分开的是(  )

 

A.

镁粉、氧化铜粉、木炭粉

 

B.

NaOH溶液、Ba(OH)2溶液、KOH溶液

 

C.

Na2CO3溶液、NaCl溶液、BaCl2溶液

 

D.

铝片、铁片、银片

答案

考点

物质的鉴别、推断;金属的化学性质;酸的化学性质;酸、碱、盐的鉴别

专题

物质的鉴别题.

分析:

A、根据镁粉和稀硫酸反应会生成氢气,氧化铜和硫酸反应会生成硫酸铜和水,木炭不会与硫酸反应进行分析;

B、根据氢氧化钡和硫酸反应会生成硫酸钡沉淀,氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾与硫酸反应没有明显现象进行分析;

C、根据碳酸钠和硫酸反应会生成二氧化碳气体,氯化钡和硫酸反应会生成硫酸钡沉淀进行分析;

D、根据铝和硫酸反应生成氯化铝,铁和硫酸反应会生成硫酸亚铁和氢气进行分析.

解答:

解:A、取样品,加入稀硫酸,有气泡产生的是镁粉,粉末溶解,溶液变蓝色的是氧化铜,粉末不溶解的是木炭粉,现象不同,可以鉴别,故A正确;

B、取样品,加入稀硫酸,生成白色沉淀的是氢氧化钡,没有明显现象的是氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠,现象相同,不能鉴别,故B错误;

C、取样品,加入稀硫酸,有气泡产生的是碳酸钠,生成白色沉淀的是氯化钡,没有明显现象的是氯化钠,现象不同,可以鉴别,故C正确;

D、取样品,加入稀硫酸,出现气泡,溶液显无色的是铝片,溶液显浅绿色的是铁片,金属不溶解的是银片,现象不同,可以鉴别,故D正确.

故选:B.

点评:

在解此类题时,首先分析被鉴别物质的性质,然后选择适当的试剂和方法,出现不同的现象即可鉴别.

 

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