氯、硫、硅、磷四元素性质分述如下: (1)氯化氢1 000 ℃少量分解

氯、硫、硅、磷四元素性质分述如下:

(1)氯化氢1 000 ℃少量分解,硫化氢300 ℃分解,磷化氢(PH3)微热自燃,硅化氢常温自燃。由此得到它们的非金属性由弱到强的排列顺序应是_________________________,因为_________________________。

(2)H2SO4是强酸,HClO4是更强酸,H2SiO3是弱酸,H3PO4是中强酸,由此得到S、Cl、Si、P非金属性变化规律是___________________。

(3)写出新制氯水与氢硫酸反应的离子方程式___________________________________。

答案

(1)Si<P<S<Cl  气态氢化物的稳定性越强,其元素的非金属性越强

(2)按Si、P、S、Cl顺序,非金属性依次增强

(3)Cl2+H2S====S↓+2H++2Cl-


解析:

气态氢化物生成条件越容易,气态氢化物稳定性越强,其元素的非金属性越强,其单质的氧化性越强,氢化物的还原性越弱。根据提示,氢化物的稳定性顺序为HCl>H2S>PH3>SiH4,非金属性强弱顺序为Cl>S>P>Si,单质的氧化性顺序为Cl2>S>P>Si,氢化物的还原性顺序为SiH4>PH3>H2S>HCl,所以氯气能与硫化氢发生氧化还原反应。最高价氧化物对应水化物的酸性越强,其元素的非金属性越强。

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