Today, we know that the role of vitamins and minerals goes way beyond the prevention of deficiency diseases (维生素缺乏症) to actually preventing cancer and heart disease, the most fearsome killers of our time. With this knowledge has come the widespread call for nutritional supplementation (营养补充) — and a confusing group of vitamin, mineral, and supplements lining the supermarket shelves.
Far from contributing to better health, however, nutritional supplements threaten to turn a scientific breakthrough into a nutritional disaster.
Promoters of vitamins and minerals — especially vitamins A, C, and E — would have consumers believe that the little vitamin pill in the bottle is all they need for good health. Take your vitamins in the morning, and you’re covered. It’s okay to eat fast foods for the rest of the day or skip meals to achieve today’s fashionably skinny look. But vitamins and minerals are only one part of the nutritional puzzle. A diet rich in fiber (纤维) and balanced in carbohydrates and protein is essential for good health. You can’t get these things from a nutritional supplement. The focus on vitamin and mineral supplements may actually be robbing us of the full nutrition we seek.
And no supplement can compare to the quality of nutrition found in natural sources. For example, our bodies turn carotenes (胡萝卜素) from plant foods into vitamin A. Many supplements contain a single carotene, but natural sources are rich in many different carotenes. Many supplements contain a form of vitamin E that is made from chemicals, when natural vitamin E is more readily absorbed and used by the body. And science is still discovering the wealth of nutrients in foods.
You’d be hard-pressed to find a supplement as nutritionally comprehensive and powerful as a balanced diet. Even if you could, you’d pay much more than if you got the same nutritional value from natural sources.
But perhaps the greatest danger presented by nutritional supplements comes from the very real risks presented by self-medication. Anyone can walk into the market and buy as many different supplements as desired. The reported benefits of high dosages of certain nutrients have led some people to believe that the more the better. Many take several vitamin and mineral supplements without regard to possible consequences.
Surprising new research suggests that vitamin C pills may speed up hardening of the arteries, the underlying cause of heart attacks. Researchers said their findings support the recommendations of health organizations, which urge people to avoid high doses of supplements and to get their nutrients from food instead.
As appealing as they’re made to sound, nutritional supplements are danger in disguise. If you’re looking for good health, don’t look on the supplement shelves of your supermarket. Look in the produce section instead.
41. What has given rise to the great need for nutritional supplements?
A. The knowledge of deficiency diseases.
B. The low prices of nutritional supplements.
C. The frighteningly high death rate from cancer and heart disease.
D. The information about the role of vitamins and minerals in health.
42. The “promoters” (Paragraph 3) most probably refers to ______.
A. businessmen B. doctors C. scientists D. fast food lovers
43. According to the passage, nutritional supplements ______.
A. are made from chemicals B. are ineffective in supplying fiber
C. provide too much vitamin C D. contain a kind of dangerous carotene
44. One of the reasons why many people take large amounts of nutritional supplements is that ______.
A. their doctors advise them to do so
B. nutritional supplements are easily available
C. scientists have found the more nutrients the better
D. nutritional supplements are recommended by health organizations
45. By describing nutritional supplements as “danger in disguise” in the last paragraph, the writer means that they are ______.
A. of little help B. of poor quality
C. potentially harmful D. extremely poisonous