A new study has found no evidence that sunscreen, commonly used to reduce the risk

    A new study has found no evidence that sunscreen, commonly used to reduce the risk of skin cancer, actually increase the risk.

    Researchers from the University of Iowa based their findings on a review of 18 earlier studies that looked at the association between sunscreen use and melanoma (黑素瘤). They said that they found flaws in studies that had reported associations between sunscreen use and higher risk of melanoma

 Most health experts believe that by protecting the skin from the harmful effects of the sun, sunscreen helps prevent skin cancer, which is increasing in incidence (发生率) faster than any other cancer in the United States.

    But questions has been raised about sunscreen and whether it may has opposite effect, perhaps by allowing people to remain exposed to the sun longer without burning.

    The researchers said that among the problems with some earlier studies is that they often failed to take into account that those people most at risk for skin cancer--- people with fair skin and freckles (雀斑), for example--- are more likely to use sunscreen. As a result, it may appear that sunscreen users get cancer more often.

    The studies, which generally relied on volunteers to recall their sunscreen use, were also unable to prove how well the products had been applied, said the new study.

The underlined word “flaws” in the 2nd paragraph most probably means ______.

A. evidence        B. facts          C. faults              D. failures

People with fair skin and freckles          .

A. seldom use sunscreen              B. are more in danger of skin cancer

C. can be free from the harm of the sun   D. often expose themselves to the sun

We can learn from the passage that ______.

A. sunscreen users get skin cancer more often

B. the volunteers have proved the effect of sunscreen

C. the new study was based on the experiences of volunteers

D. the number of skin cancer patients is increasing in America

Which of the following can be the title for this passage?

A. Sunscreen to Prevent Skin Cancer           B. Sunscreen to Increase Skin Cancer

C. Skin Cancer Caused by Sunscreen           D. Skin Cancer Caused by Freckles

【小题1】C

【小题2】B

【小题3】D

【小题4】A

【小题1】词义猜测题。从第一段A new study has found no evidence that sunscreen,…, actually increase the risk.。得出…in studies that had reported associations between sunscreen use and higher risk of melanoma。存在“过错”。

【小题2】细节理解题。从第五段people with fair skin and freckles (雀斑), for example--- are more likely to use sunscreen. As a result, it may appear that sunscreen users get cancer more often.可以得知。

【小题3】推理判断题。从第三段...which is increasing in incidence faster than any other cancer in the United States. 可以推断。

【小题4】主旨大意题。文章主要谈论防晒霜与皮服癌，并从最新的研究中证明sunscreen helps prevent skin cancer。