高二·二班学生每周用于数学学习的时间x(单位:h)与数学成绩y(单位

高二·二班学生每周用于数学学习的时间x(单位:h)与数学成绩y(单位:分)之间有如下数据:

x

24

15

23

19

16

11

20

16

17

13

y

92

79

97

89

64

47

83

68

71

59

    某同学每周用于数学学习的时间为18 h,试预测该生数学成绩.

答案

思路分析:

本题考查两个有相关关系的变量间的关系.两个有相关关系的变量间的关系可以用线性回归直线方程来表示,而对总体的估计可由直线方程来帮助解决.

解:因为学习时间与学习成绩间具有相关关系,可以列出下表,并用科学计算器进行计算.

i

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

xi

24

15

23

19

16

11

20

16

17

13

yi

92

79

97

89

64

47

83

68

71

59

xiyi

2 208

1 185

2 231

1 691

1 024

517

1 660

1 088

1 207

767

=17.4,=74.9,=3 182,=58 375,=13 578

于是可得b=≈3.53,

a=-b=74.9-3.53×17.4≈13.5.

因此可求得回归直线方程为=3.53x+13.5.

当x=18时,=3.53×18+13.5=77.04≈77.

故该同学预计可得77分左右.

    方法归纳

本题数据表中,自变量x的取值没有按从大到小排列,这更接近实际,对结论没有任何影响.从表中可以看出:同样是每周16 h学数学,一位同学成绩是64分,另一位却是68分,这反映了y与x只有相关关系,没有函数关系.

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