p{font-size:10.5pt;line-height:150%;margin:0;padding:0;}td{font-size:10.5pt;}(05年浙

05年浙江卷理)(14分)

如图,在三棱锥PABC中,ABBCABBCkPA,点OD分别是ACPC的中点,OP⊥底面ABC

()求证:OD∥平面PAB

()k时,求直线PA与平面PBC所成角的大小;

   () k取何值时,O在平面PBC内的射影恰好为△PBC的重心?

答案

解析:解法一

()OD分别为ACPC的中点:∴ODPA,AC平面PAB,OD∥平面PAB.

()ABBC,OA=OC,OA=OC=OB,又∵OP⊥平面ABC,PA=PB=PC.

BC中点E,连结PE,BC⊥平面POE,OFPEF,连结DF,OF⊥平面PBC

∴∠ODFOD与平面PBC所成的角.

ODPA,PA与平面PBC所成角的大小等于∠ODF.

RtODF,sinODF=,PA与平面PBC所成角为arcsin

()(),OF⊥平面PBC,FO在平面PBC内的射影.

DPC的中点,F是△PBC的重心,BFD三点共线,直线OB在平面PBC内的射影为直线BD,OBPC.PCBD,PB=BC,k=1..反之,,k=1,三棱锥O-PBC为正三棱锥,O在平面PBC内的射影为△PBC的重心.

解法二:

OP⊥平面ABC,OA=OC,AB=BC,OAOB,OAOP,OBOP.

O为原点,射线OP为非负x,建立空间坐标系O-xyz如图),AB=a,A(a,0,0).

B(0, a,0),C(-a,0,0).OP=h,P(0,0,h).

()DPC的中点,,

OD∥平面PAB.

()k=PA=2a,h=可求得平面PBC的法向量

cos.

PA与平面PBC所成角为θ,sinθ=|cos()|=.

PA与平面PBC所成的角为arcsin.

()PBC的重心G(),=().

OG⊥平面PBC,,

h=,PA=,k=1,反之,k=1,三棱锥O-PBC为正三棱锥.

O为平面PBC内的射影为△PBC的重心.

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