如图所示,一圆柱形绝热汽缸竖直放置,通过绝热活塞封闭着一定质

如图所示,一圆柱形绝热汽缸竖直放置,通过绝热活塞封闭着一定质量的理想气体。活塞的质量为m,活塞的横截面积为S。初始时,气体的温度为T0,活塞与容器底部相距h。现通过电热丝缓慢加热气体,当气体吸收热量Q时活塞下降了h,已知大气压强为p0,重力加速度为g,不计活塞与汽缸的摩擦。求此时气体的温度和加热过程中气体内能的增加量。(题中各物理量单位均为国际单位制单位)

答案

由盖吕萨克定律得,

解得T12T0

气体在等压变化过程中,活塞受力如图。

 由平衡条件,pSp0Smg

气体对活塞做功,WpSh(p0Smg)h

由热力学第一定律,ΔUQW

气体内能的增加量为ΔUQ(p0Smg)h

答案:2T0 Q(p0Smg)h

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