The first big wave of Chinese immigration to America came when gold was discovered in California in 1848.The Chinese called the new land“Mountain of Gold”．Those who did not become miners found work in railroad construction，farming and light industries，doing low paid jobs.By the 1880s，American industrialization brought changing economic realities，resulting in an explosion of resentment (仇恨) toward the Chinese laborers.They were accused of taking jobs away from the white men.The government issued Exclusion Acts(《排外法案》)to stop the immigration of Chinese laborers into the United States.Many workers fled from the concentrated Chinese communities in the West and then went to the Midwest and the East.As in California，they formed small pockets of Chinese culture that were known as “Chinatowns”．
New York's Chinatown was created by men such as the Chinese laborers.Sociologists call them “sojourners”—foreigners in the United States，keeping to their cultural traditions，living in the larger society in which they existed.The sojourners came to America for the promise of supporting his family in China，where he expected to return one day.Those who did stay lived separately from the society.So they remained in Chinatown，an enclosed community holding on to traditions among the tides of change.
1．What does the underlined word “issued” mean?
A．brought out B．meant to
C．made a life D．mixed with
2．Before the Exclusion Acts，most of the Chinese in the United States lived________.
A．in the West B．in the East
C．in the Midwest D．in the Mideast
3．According to the passage，Chinese immigrants________.
A．lost their hopes of returning to their country
B．tried to find a place in the larger society
C．went on with their own traditions in spite of social changes
D．were free to take whatever jobs they like
4．What is the main idea of this passage?
A．Chinatowns experienced great changes after gold was discovered in 1848.
B．Exclusion Acts brought great sufferings to the Chinese laborers.
C．Chinese laborers were cruelly exploited by the white people.
D．Chinese immigration to America resulted in the forming of Chinatowns.