使用电热水壶烧水,具有便捷、环保等优点。如图是某电热水壶的铭

使用电热水壶烧水,具有便捷、环保等优点。如图是某电热水壶的铭牌,假设电热水壶的电阻保持不变,已知水的比热容为c水=4.2×103J/(kg·℃)。

(1)电热水壶的额定电流和电阻分别是多少?

(2)1标准大气压,将一壶质量为0.5kg、温度为20℃的水烧开,需要吸收多少热量?

(3)在额定电压下,要放出这些热量,该电热水壶理论上需要工作多长时间?

(4)使用时发现:烧开这壶水实际加热时间大于计算出的理论值,请分析原因。

 

答案

(1)2A,110欧(2) 1.68×105(3)6.35min(4)见解析

解析:(1)I=P/U=440W/220V=2A  R=U/I=220V/2A=110(欧)(2分)(2)Q=Cm△t=4.2×103×0.5×(100-20)=1.68×105(J)(2分) (3)t=W/P= Q/P=1.68×105/440=381.8S =6.35min(2分)(4)有热量损耗   P<P(2分)

依据公式I=P/U和R=U/I分别计算出电热水壶的额定电流和电阻;再根据公式Q=Cm△t计算出将一壶质量为0.5kg、温度为20℃的水烧开,需要吸收的热量;根据电热水壶的功率和水吸收的热量,计算该电热水壶理论上需要工作的时间t=W/P= Q/P=1.68×105/440=381.8S =6.35min。使用时发现:烧开这壶水实际加热时间大于计算出的理论值,原因有热量损耗。

 

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