In the 1960s, medical researchers Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed a checklist of stressful events. They appreciated the tricky point that any major change can be stressful. Negative events like “serious illness of a family member” were high on the list, but so were some positive life – changing events, like marriage. When you take the Holmes – Rahe test you must remember that the score does not reflect how you deal with stress – it only shows how much you have to deal with. And we now know that the way you handle these events dramatically affects your chances of staying healthy.
By the early 1970s, hundreds of similar studies had followed Holmes and Rahe. And millions of Americans who work and live under stress worried over the reports. Somehow, the research got boiled down to a memorable message. Women’s magazines ran headlines like “Stress causes illness!” If you want to stay physically and mentally healthy, the articles said, avoid stressful events.
But such simplistic advice is impossible to follow. Even if stressful events are dangerous, many – like the death of a loved one – are impossible to avoid. Moreover, any warning to avoid all stressful events is a prescription (处方) for staying away from opportunities as well as trouble. Since any change can be stressful, a person who wanted to be completely free of stress would never marry, have a child, take a new job or move.
The notion that all stress makes you sick also ignores a lot of what we know about people. It assumes we’re all vulnerable and passive in the face of hardship. But what about human initiative (积极性) and creativity? Many come through periods of stress with more physical and mental vigor (活力) than they had before. We also know that a long time without change or challenge can lead to boredom, and physical and mental stress.
1．The passage is mainly about .
A．what kinds of events cause stress
B．how to cope with sudden changes in life
C．causes of stress and how it affects us
D．stress can be positive factors in life
2．The studies on stress in he early 1970’s led to .
A．widespread concern over its harmful effects
B．great panic over the mental disorder it could cause
C．an intensive research into stress – related illness
D．popular avoidance of stressful jobs
3．What does the underlined word “vulnerable” mean in the last paragraph?
A．weak B．energetic C．disabled D．active
4．Why is “such simplistic advice” in the third paragraph impossible to follow?
A．No one can stay on the same job for long.
B．No prescription is effective in relieving stress.
C．People have to get married someday.
D．You could be missing opportunities as well.
5．We can infer from the passage people would become after experiencing stress.
A．nervous when faced with difficulties
B．physically and mentally stressful
C．more capable of dealing with hardship
D．unconcerned with what happens to them