(12分)硅和氮均是自然界含量丰富的元素,其单质及其化合物在环境

(12分)硅和氮均是自然界含量丰富的元素,其单质及其化合物在环境、能源及材料科学中有着重要影响和广泛应用。

试回答下列问题:

⑴向大气中排放NOx可能导致的环境问题有                      (答两点)。已知,足量NaOH溶液能完全吸收NO2生成氮的含氧酸盐,试写出该反应的离子方程式:

                              

⑵光导纤维的使用,让人们的生活更加丰富精彩。        是制备光导纤维的基本原料。

⑶氮化硅陶瓷是一种新型无机非金属材料,其化学式为         ,可由硅粉(用Al2O3和Y2O3作助剂)在氮气中高温烧结而成。由于使用的硅粉表面含二氧化硅,在反应中需加入碳粉。在烧结过程中,二氧化硅、碳、氮气以物质的量之比3:6:2反应生成两种化合物,该反应的化学方程式为             

⑷硅燃烧放出大量热量,“硅能源”有望成为二十一世纪的新能源。与“氢能源”比较,“硅能源”具有                 等更加优越的特点,从而得到全球的关注和期待。

(5)三硅酸镁(2MgO·3SiO2·nH2O)被用来治疗胃溃疡,是因为该物质不溶于水,服用后能中和胃酸,作用持久。写出三硅酸镁与胃酸(盐酸)反应的化学方程式:         

答案

(1)酸雨、光化学烟雾、臭氧层破坏(2分,只要答出任意两点,答出一点给一分),

2NO2+2OH- = NO3-+NO2-+H2O(2分)

(2)SiO2或二氧化硅(1分)

(3)Si3N4(2分),3SiO2+2N2+6C  Si3N4+6CO(2分,不写反应条件扣1分)

(4)便于储运,比较安全等(1分,只要答出一点合理优点即可)

(5)2MgO·3SiO2·nH2O+4HCl = 2MgCl2+3SiO2+(n+2)H2O (2分)

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