Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can disappear if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for incompetence in their work, you might even be extremely angry. Such behavior is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance（委屈）. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey as well.
The researchers studied the behavior of females brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good – natured, co – operative creatures, and they share their food willingly. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males. Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan’s and Dr. de Waal’s study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens（代币）for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers（邻室）, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, they became markedly different.
In the would of capuchins grapes are luxury goods（and much preferable to cucumbers）. So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber（without an actual monkey to eat it） was enough to reduce anger in a female capuchin.
1．The statement “it is all too monkey as well” implies that .
A．monkeys also get angry with each other
B．feeling angry when unfairly treated is also monkeys’ nature
C．monkeys, like humans, tend to be friendly to each other
D．no other animals other than monkeys are so much like humans
2．Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they .
A．like to weigh what they get
B．look cute and good - natured
C．co – operate with each other willingly
D．pay close attention to researchers’ instructions
3．The monkeys’ “tokens” were nothing but .
A．slices of cucumber B．pieces of rock
C．grapes D．luxury goods
4．The other monkey refused to accept the slice of cucumber offered by the researcher because .
A．she was not hungry at the time
B．she wanted it to be given to other monkeys
C．the fist monkey was offered something better
D．she found it smaller than that given to the first monkey
5．According to the passage, in order to keep peace and harmony within a society, it is important that .
A．a perfect law should be made
B．every member should be given a pay rise
C．every member should respect others
D．every member should be treated fairly