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Experts are finding your standard first aid response may be the worst thing you can do in an emergency. Here’s how to update your first aid kit.
CUTS AND SCRAPES
When the skin isn’t broken, it’s hard to beat iodine (碘酒) for killing bacteria, doctors use it to clean before surgery. But when there’s a cut, full – strength iodine and rubbing alcohol can be harmful to skin cells, preventing healing. Putting iodine on cuts and wounds kills bacteria, but it won’t clean the wound. The most effective way is washing the wound with water.
BURNS
If you spread some butter on the burn to ease the pain, it isn’t a good idea. Butter was thought to cool the burn, but it can cause infection and create and environment for bacterial growth. Run the burn under cool water immediately to help remove the heat and put an end to the damaging process. Wrap the burn with a bandage, and keep it clean and dry. If blisters (水泡) form, don’t break them.
POISONING
When a child swallows anything poisonous, parents probably think they’re well prepared if ipecac (催吐剂) is on hand. Wrong. Ipecac was thought to be a good way to treat a child who had swallowed a poisonous substance, but not any more because it doesn’t always remove the toxic substance. That may cause dehydration (脱水) and prevent doctors from giving other treatments.
EXCESS BLEEDING
Everyone learns how to stop bleeding with a tourniquet (止血带). But studies show this method causes more harm than good. Tourniquets can increase the risk of tissue damage or even the loss of a limb. Apply direct pressure to the wound. Simply place a clean cloth on the wound and press firmly; don’t remove the cloth, event if it gets black. If necessary, add more cloths. If that’s not enough, you can further slow the blood flow by applying pressure to the main artery (动脉) of the upper arm or leg.
1. What is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words.)
2. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
However, by studying we know this method does more harm instead of doing more good.
3. Please fill in the blank with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence.
(Please answer within 5 words.)
4. What should we do in order to give useful first aids? (Please answer within 30 words.)
5. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.