如图所示,甲车质量m1=20kg,车上有质量M=50kg的人,甲车(连同车上

如图所示,甲车质量m1=20kg,车上有质量M=50kg的人,甲车(连同车上的人)从足够长的斜坡上高h=0.45m由静止滑下,到水平面上后继续向前滑动。此时质量m2=50kg的乙车正以v0=1.8m/s的速度迎面滑来,为了避免两车相撞,当两车相距适当距离时,人从甲车跳到乙车上,求人跳出甲车的水平速度(相对地面)应在什么范围以内?不计地面和斜坡的摩擦,取g=10m/s2。       

 

答案

3.8 m/s≤v≤4.8 m/s

解析:甲车(包括人)滑下斜坡后速度:v=2gh=3 m/s,在人跳离甲车和人跳上乙车过程中各自动量守恒,设人跳离甲车和跳上乙车后,两车速度分别为v′和v′,则:

(M+m1)v=Mv+m1v′          ①

Mv-m2v0=(M+m2)v′              ②

恰不发生相撞的条件为:v′=±v′        ③

从①得:v′=

从②得:v′=

当v′=v乙′时,有=时,得v=3.8 m/s

当v′=-v′时,有=-时,得v=4.8 m/s

所以,人跳离甲车的速度(对地)应满足3.8 m/s≤v≤4.8 m/s。

 

根据动量守恒求得甲、乙碰后的速度,然后再判断两个速度的关系,从而求出速度范围。

 

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