两类药片有效成分如下表:成分药品阿斯匹林(mg)小苏打(mg)可待因(mg)

两类药片有效成分如下表:

成分

药品

阿斯匹林(mg)

小苏打(mg)

可待因(mg)

每片价格(元)

A(1片)

2

5

1

0.1

B(1片)

1

7

6

0.2

若要求至少提供12 mg阿斯匹林,70 mg小苏打,28 mg可待因,两类药片的最小总数是多少?怎样搭配价值最低?

答案

解:设需用A和B两种药品各为x片和y片,药品总数为z(片),价格搭配为L(元).

则由题意,得约束条件

线性目标函数为

药品总数z=x+y,

搭配价格L=0.1x+0.2y.

由不等式组作可行域,如图.

l1:2x+y=12,l2:5x+7y=70,l3:x+6y=28.

而k1=-2,k2=-

,k3=-.

直线l:x+y=t,kl=-1.

有k1<kl<k2.

故直线l:x+y=z,过l1与l2的交点A时,z有最小值.

解方程组

得交点A(,).

然而点A不是整点,故不能作为最优解,此时,过点A的直线为lA:x+y=

.

可行域内与直线lA距离最近的整点有(1,10)、(2,9)、(3,8),使zmin=11,即药品的总数为11.

而最低搭配价格Lmin=(0.1x+0.2y)min

L1=0.1×1+0.2×10=2.1,

L2=0.1×2+0.2×9=2.0,

L3=0.1×3+0.2×8=1.9

中的最小者,所以Lmin=1.9(元).

所以药品为11片,其中3片A种药,8片B种药的搭配价最低.


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