伽利略斜面实验中发现了具有启发性的事实:无论斜面B比斜面A陡些

伽利略斜面实验中发现了具有启发性的事实:无论斜面B比斜面A陡些或缓些,小球最后总会在斜面上的某点停下来,这点距斜面底端的竖直高度和它出发时的高度相同.我们把这一事实说成是“有某一能量守恒”,试说明能量转化的过程和守恒量.

答案

解析:释放小球后,小球开始运动,获得速度.当它到达斜面的底部时,以前由于具有某一高度而具有的势能,并未丢失,而是转化成另一种形式的能——动能;当小球继续沿斜面B升高时,它会变慢,动能失去,势能被“回收”;当小球最后静止下来时,其全部的动能都转化成势能,小球相对桌面的高度又达到它在起始的高度.如果空气阻力和摩擦力小到可以忽略,小球必将准确地终止于同它开始点相同的高度,决不会更高一点,也决不会更低一点.这说明某种“东西”在小球运动过程中是不变的,这个“东西”就是能量.

答案:这种守恒量是“能量”;能量在这实验中是守恒的.

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