If there is any single factor that makes for success in living, it is the ability to profit by defeat．Every success I know have achieved because the person was able to analyze defeat and actually profit by it in his next undertaking．Confuse defeat with failure, and you are doomed (注定) indeed to failure．For it isn’t defeat that makes you fail: it is your own refusal to see in defeat the guide and encouragement to success．
Defeats are nothing to be ashamed of．They are routine incidents in the life of every man who achieves success．But defeat is a dead loss unless you face it without humiliation, analyze（分析） it and leave why you have failed．Defeat, in other words, can help to cure its own cause．Not only does defeat prepare us for success, but nothing can arouse within us such a compelling desire to succeed．If you let a baby grasp a rod and try to pull it away, he will hold more and more tightly until his whole weight is suspended．It is the same reaction as should give you new and greater strength every time you are defeated．If you exploit the power which defeats give, you can accomplish with it far more than you are capable of．
1．The person who is able to analyze his defeat is likely ___ ．
A．to be more capable of doing things
B．to be a successor
C．to be ashamed of his defeat
D．to know himself better
2．Defeat is valuable because ___ ．
A．it makes you a better thinker
B．it forces you to face it without humiliation
C．it provides the guide to achievement．
D．It enables you to analyze events successfully
3．It is implied in the passage that ___ ．
A．the author thinks there is only one factor which makes for success in living
B．defeat necessarily leads to success
C．people often confuse defeat with failure
D．we must face defeat courageously
4．What is the author’s attitude towards defeat?
A．One of being ashamed．
B．One of being interested．
C．One of being discouraged．
D．One of being hopeful．
5．The word “humiliation” （in Para．2） could best be replaced by which of the following?
A．being encouraged． B．being confused
C．being ashamed D．being defeated