将12.4g碱石灰制成溶液,加入13.7g Na2CO3和NaHCO3,反应后得沉淀15g,经测

将12.4g碱石灰制成溶液,加入13.7g Na2CO3和NaHCO3,反应后得沉淀15g,经测定,反应后溶液中不含Ca2+、CO32+、HCO3。求

(1) CaO和NaOH各多少g?      (2)Na2CO3和NaHCO3各多少g?

答案

(1) CaO8.4g ,NaOH 0.15mol(2)Na2CO3 5.3g ,NaHCO38.4g


解析:

运用守恒法解题既可避免书写繁琐的化学方程式,提高解题的速度,又可避免在纷纭复杂的解题背景中寻找关系式,提高解题的准确度。

据题意CaO和Na2CO3、NaHCO3均全部转化为CaCO3沉淀,据Ca原子和C原子两种原子的守恒关系,便可列出关系式:

nCaO=nCa(OH)2=nCaCO3=nNa2CO3+nNaHCO3

可得关系式:

CaO    ~    CaCO3       ~      (Na2CO3+NaHCO3)

56g      100g         1mol

x        15g          y

解得 x=8.4g y=0.15mol

所以mNaOH=12.4g-8.4g=4g

设Na2CO3物质的量为a,则NaHCO3物质的量为0.15mol-a

106g/mol a+84g/mol×(0.15mol-a)=13.7g

解得a=0.05mol

所以mNa2CO3=0.05mol×106g/mol=5.3g mNaHCO3=13.7g-5.3g=8.4g。

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