如图所示,半径为r,质量不计的圆盘面与地面相垂直,圆心处有一

如图所示,半径为r,质量不计的圆盘面与地面相垂直,圆心处有一个垂直盘面的光滑水平固定轴O,在盘的最右边缘固定一个质量为m的小球A,在O点的正下方离O点r/2处固定一个质量也为m的小球B,放开盘让其自由转动,不空气阻力,问:

(1)当A球转动到最低点时,两小球的重力势能之和减小了多少?

(2)A球转到最低点时的线速度是多少?

(3)在转动过程中半径OA向左偏离竖直方向的最大角度是多少?

 

答案

(1)

(2)

(3)


解析:

(1)以圆盘边缘最低点所在水平面为零势能面,则刚要转动时A、B                   两球的重力势能之和为:

当A球转到最低点时,两球重力势能之和为:

A转到最低点时两球重力势能之和减少量为:

(2)设A球转到最低点时,A、B两球的速度分别为,则有:

                    ①

由机械能守恒定律可得:

        ②

解①②联立方程可得:

(3)设半径OA向左偏离竖直方向的最大偏角为a

由机械能守恒定律得:

整理得:

解得:

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