阅读下列材料: 材料一:治世不一道,便国不法古。故汤、武不循

阅读下列材料:

材料一:治世不一道,便国不法古。故汤、武不循古而王,夏、殷不易礼而亡,反古者不可非,而循礼者不足多。

——商鞅

材料二:(康有为说)泰西讲求三百年而治,日本施行三十年而强,吾中国国土之大,人民之众,变法三年可以自立,此后则蒸蒸日上,富强可驾万国。

——《戊戌变法》

材料三:我所给予人民的适可而止,他们的荣誉不减损,也不加多;即使那些有势有财之人也一样,我不使他们遭受不当的损失;我手执一只大盾,不让任何一方不公平地占据优势。

——梭伦

材料四:戊戌变政,首在裁官。京师闲散衙门被裁者不下十余处,连带关系,因之失职失业者将及万人,朝野震骇……

——《梦蕉亭杂记》

请回答:

    1)据材料一、二,分别指出商鞅、康有为能取得最高统治者支持的原因。

    2)对照材料三、四,分别指出两场改革一成一败的主要原因。你从中得出什么启示?

答案

1)商鞅:列举历朝兴亡史实,阐述变法强国理论;康有为:列举变法成功事例,阐明变法图存的道理。

2)梭伦:注意缓和矛盾,取得广泛支持;康有为:措施过到激进,激化了矛盾。启示:改革要有渐进性,要善于化解改革的阻力。

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