图20是常见的厕所自动冲水装置原理图,水箱内有质量为0.4kg,体积

20是常见的厕所自动冲水装置原理图,水箱内有质量为0.4kg,体积为3×10-3m3浮筒P,另有一厚度不计,质量为0.2kg,面积为8×10-3m2的盖板Q盖在水箱底部的排水管上,用细线将PQ连接,当供水管中流进水箱的水使浮筒刚好浸没时,盖板Q恰好被拉开,水通过排水管流出冲洗厕所。则当盖板Q恰好被拉开的瞬间,g=10N/kg。求:

1)浮筒受到的浮力;

2)细线对浮筒P的拉力;

3)水箱中水的深度。

答案

解:(1)浮筒浸没时V=VP=3×10-3m3                                      

由浮力的计算公式,可得:F=ρgV=1.0×103kg/m3×10N/kg×3×10-3m3=30N          2

       2对浮筒P进行受力分析可知,细线对浮筒的拉力为:

F=F-GP=30N-0.4kg×10N/kg=26N                                            2

3对盖板进行受力分析可知,当盖板被拉开的瞬间盖板受到水的压力为:

F=F-GQ=26N-0.2kg×10N/kg=24N                                          2

由压强的计算公式,可得此时盖板受到水的压强为:

PQ =F/SQ=24N/8×10-3m2=3×103Pa                                      2

由压强的计算公式pQ=/ρgh,可得水箱中水的深度为:

h=pQg=3×103Pa/1.0×103kg/m3×10N/kg=0.3m                           2

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