在“验证机械能守恒定律”的实验中,打点计时器所用电源频率为50

在“验证机械能守恒定律”的实验中,打点计时器所用电源频率为50 Hz,当地重力加速度的值为9.80 m/s2,测得所用重物的质量为1.00 kg.

若按实验要求正确地选出纸带进行测量,量得连续三点A、B、C到第一个点的距离如图所示(相邻计数点的时间间隔为0.02 s),那么,

(1)纸带的___________端与重物相连;

(2)打点计时器打下计数点B时,物体的速度vb=___________;

(3)从起点O到计数点B的过程中重力势能减少量ΔEp=___________,此过程中物体动能的增加量ΔEk=___________;(取g=9.8 m/s2

(4)通过计算,ΔEp___________ΔEk(填“>”“=”或“<”=,这是因为___________;

(5)实验的结论是___________.

答案

(1)左(2)0.98 m/s (3)0.49 J       0.48 J(4)>      实验时有阻力 (5)在实验误差允许范围内,机械能守恒

解析:(1)重物在开始下落时速度较慢,在纸带上打的点较密,越往后,物体下落得越快,纸带上的点越稀.所以,纸带上靠近重物的一端的点较密,因此纸带的左端与重物相连.

(2)vb==0.98 m/s.

(3)ΔEp=mg×=0.49 J,ΔEk=mvb2=0.48 J.

(4)ΔEp>ΔEk,这是因为实验中有阻力.

(5)在实验误差允许范围内,机械能守恒.

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