在如图所示的电路中,R1、R2均为定值电阻,且R1=100Ω,R2阻值未知

 在如图所示的电路中,R1R2均为定值电阻,且R1=100Ω,R2阻值未知,R3是一滑动变阻器,当其滑片从左端滑至右端时,测得电源的路端电压随总电流的变化图线如图所示,其中AB两点是滑片在变阻器的两个不同端点得到的。求: 

1)电源的电动势和内阻;  

2)定值电阻R2的阻值;   

3)滑动变阻器的最大阻值。

 

答案

1AB延长后交U轴与20V处,交I轴于1.0A

     - -------------4

2滑片P滑至右端时由图象知此时对应于B点∴U2=4V

Ur=EV2=20V4V=16V

由串联电路的电压分配与阻值正成比知r=4R

                            -------------------2

3)滑片滑到左端时由图象可知外电压为U=16VUr=EU=20V16V=4V

R1R3并联后的总电阻为R3=80Ω-5Ω=75Ω,

    ,解得:R3=300Ω    ------------4

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