500 dog owners played the same games at hone that researchers use in the laboratory and contributed data to a study of what goes on inside the minds of their dogs.
In one of the game-like tests, the dogs watched as their owner hid food under one of two cups. Then while the dog'。eves were covered, the owner switched the food to the other cup. And the owners found that most dogs went to where they last saw the food.
The result has been repeated in seven different research groups and more than a dozen different studies. "Most people think dogs use their sense of smell for everything," a researcher said.“But actually dogs use a whole range of senses when solving problems.”
The data were collected through a website called Dognilion. com that was developed by Brian Hare, an associate professor who studies dog cognition(认知).
Analysis of the unusually large data set created by Dognition has also found that all dogs have a unique set of cognitive(认知的)skills that they use to deal with the world around them. Some dogs were found to be good communicators, some had better memories and others were better at taking their owners' perspective.
“Most people think of intelligence as a glass that is more or less full，”Hare said.“ But intelligence is more like ice cream. Everybody has different flavors. Being good at one thing doesn’t mean you will be good at everything else.”
Hare said these kinds of findings were only possible with the big data sets that citizen scientists were able to offer.
“So much is possible when you have this much data，”Hare said. " I’m looking forward to dog owners answering all the big questions that have puzzled scientists for decades.”
32. What did most dogs use to find the hidden food in the test?
A. Memory. B. Feeling. C. Ears. D. Nose.
33. Dog owners actively participated in the research_.
A. to entertain themselves
B. to test the IQ of their dogs
C. to train their dogs to be more intelligent
D. to help find out dogs` problem solving skills'
34. What can we infer from what Hare said?
A. Intelligence is unique to man and dogs.
B. Dogs use the same cognitive skill to handle problems.
C. There is still something about dogs puzzling scientists.
D. Dogs use a whole range of senses when soling problems.
35. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Dogs are not as clever as expected.
B. Citizens contribute a lot to dog research.
C. At-home tests produce findings different from laboratories.
D. Problems puzzled scientists for decades have been solved.