实验室为监测空气中汞蒸气的含量,往往悬挂涂有CuI的滤纸,根据滤

实验室为监测空气中汞蒸气的含量,往往悬挂涂有CuI的滤纸,根据滤纸是否变色或颜色发生变化所用去的时间来判断空气中的含汞量,其反应为:4CuI+Hg=Cu2HgI4+2Cu

(1)上述反应产物Cu2HgI4中,Cu元素显              价。

(2)以上反应中的氧化剂为         ,当有1molCuI参与反应时,转移电子          mol。

(3)CuI可由Cu2+与I-直接反应制得,请配平下列反应的离子方程式。

      Cu2+      I      CuI+       I3

答案

(1)+1  (2)CuI  0.5  (3)2  5  2  1


解析:

(1)反应中Hg是还原剂,化合价由0价升高到+2,在反应产物Cu2HgI4中碘为-1价,由2x+2+(-1)×4=0  x=+1,即Cu元素显+1价。

(2)由所给反应知由CuI→Cu化合价从+1降到0,所以CuI为氧化剂。每有4 mol CuI 参加反应,转移电子的物质的量为2 mol 当有1 mol CuI 参与反应时转移电子0.5 mol。

(3)根据Cu守恒,Cu2+ 和CuI的物质的量相等,设Cu2+ 、I、CuI和I3的物质的量分别为1、x、1、y。根据质量守恒和电荷守恒得:x=3y+1;2-x=-y。x=5/2,y=1/2。两边同乘以2,得其化学计量数分别为:2、5、2、1。

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